PHSYIOLOGICALLY speaking, the human heart is the body’s engine room, pumping blood and oxygen around the body.
It contracts with a regular rhythm and a steady beat from the second we are born to the moment we die. That mechanism runs on repeat, contracting, pumping, carrying, returning. Until – sometimes suddenly – it stops.
Bayoh’s family are convinced he died as a result of the restraint by police. But police have always denied any wrongdoing and those representing officers said criticism of them is “wholly unwarranted”. A number of petechial haemorrhages – tiny burst blood vessels in the eyes sometimes caused by asphyxia or lack of oxygen supply – were noted.
After looking at both the heart in its entirety and at those samples she had one clear finding – everything was completely normal. So what caused it to stop?It wasn’t until June 12 that the toxicology report came back. It was positive for MDMA – the main ingredient of ecstasy and Alpha PVP, a synthetic stimulant also known as Flakka or Bath Salts.
Physical symptoms are also caused by a release of adrenalin which can raise the heart rate and blood pressure and put strain on the heart. Three years previously that was a recommendation made by Dame Elish Angolini, left, in her review of deaths in police custody in the UK. While some expressed disappointment and frustration that Livingstone had waited so long, the statement was welcomed by the Bayoh family lawyer, Aamer Anwar.
But Scottish Police Federation chair David Threadgold said it had deeply “offended and upset” officers while former former federation official Callum Steele described it as “shameful”. He claimed to have found heart abnormalities overlooked during the post-mortem, and a “thickening of the blood vessels” which suggested Bayoh was a “chronic” drug user and suggested the drugs that killed him. Restraint, he said, was not significant.
But the context surrounding his death, he claimed, was what mattered. “It’s possible because of the restraint he died at a lower dose than would have been expected if he hadn’t been restrained,” he told the inquiry. The revised cause of death was recorded on the final version of the post-mortem. “Sudden death in a man intoxicated by MDMA and Alpha-PVP, whilst being restrained.”
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