Conservation policies have brought back the American bison from the brink of extinction. But how genetically similar are today’s animals to their wild ancestors?
When American settlers arrived on the Great Plains in the 19th century, the bison they found seemed inexhaustible. Herds stretched dozens of miles from one end to the other, and paddle steamers plying the Missouri stopped for half a day while tens of thousands of bison crossed in front of them. Despite their numbers, however, the bison were no match for the settlers’ rifles. The prairie’s most perfectly adapted tenant was an easy source of meat and hides for the aggressive newcomers.
Yet in 2020, on a visit to the Blackfeet Reservation near Glacier National Park in Montana, I watched a healthy herd of 200 bison graze happily by the side of the road. Native American reservations across the Great Plains support a growing number of the animals that the Blackfeet call Iinnii, and today the total U.S. bison population is estimated at 500,000.
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