While the Amazon is home to millions of people and contains one in 10 known species on Earth, it is also a crucial carbon sink for the climate. But having lost more than 85 million hectares, about 13% of its original area, the rainforest is under threat.
Most of that destruction has come in the past half-century and Brazil has been the main culprit. Cattle ranching and soybean crops have expanded dramatically due to new technology and the global demand for grain and beef.
An area of forest larger than the US state of Maryland was destroyed during the first three years of his presidency. Atmospheric chemist Luciana Gatti, a researcher for Brazil's National Institute of Space Research, said deforestation leads to more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and generally means reduced rainfall and higher temperatures.Brazil moves to pave freeway through heart of Amazon rainforest
Presidents from Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela were present, while Ecuador and Suriname sent other representatives.
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