Dolphins and Whales Will Never Evolve Back into Land Animals

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Dolphins and Whales Will Never Evolve Back into Land Animals
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Scientists have discovered that once mammals, such as dolphins or orcas, have become fully aquatic, they pass a threshold that makes a return to terrestrial landscapes almost impossible

The chances of aquatic mammals — like orcas, dolphins and whales — ever evolving to live on land again are almost nonexistent, a new study has found. Researchers discovered that the adaptations that allowed these animals to live in water have passed an evolutionary threshold that marks the point of no return to terrestrial life.

The transition to land happened only once, yet the transition back to water has happened repeatedly — leading researchers to question whether aquatic mammals could readapt to terrestrial life, and if not, why? To test this idea in mammals, the researchers divided thousands of species into four categories: fully terrestrial species, those with some aquatic adaptations but that are still mobile on land, species with limited locomotion on land, and fully aquatic groups, like whales.

The team found that there is a threshold between semiaquatic and fully aquatic species, and once that threshold has been passed, the aquatic adaptations are irreversible. Transitions to aquatic environments were associated with multiple changes, including an increased body mass that helped them retain heat in colder environments and a carnivorous diet to support their heightened metabolisms. Such changes may make it difficult to compete against terrestrial lifeforms, Bruna told Live Science.

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