Deep with frozen planets like Neptune and Uranus exotic diamond rains could occur more often than previously believed.
, discovering that the presence of oxygen increases the possibility of diamond formation and that diamonds could form in low temperatures and pressures.
The new research predicts that diamonds on Neptune and Uranus could grow to large sizes, potentially up to millions of carats in weight. The hydrogen nuclei are positively charged meaning that superionic water can conduct electric current which could give rise to magnetic fields. This could explain the unusual magnetic fields seen around Uranus and Neptune.
Though the team started their experiments using a plastic material composed of a mix of hydrogen and carbon, elements commonly found in ice giants, the most recent iteration saw this replaced with PET plastic. Creating shockwaves in the PET with a high-powered optical laser — part of the Matter in Extreme Conditions instrument at SLAC — the team was able to probe what was happening in the plastic using X-ray pulses from Linac Coherent Light Source .
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