Comparison of pre- and post-Omicron disease severity among unvaccinated people without risk factors Omicron Coronavirus Disease COVID Sweden Pandemic medrxivpreprint socialstyrelsen intensivvard liu_universitet karolinskainst
The health burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections among Western nations reduced in 2022, attributed to COVID-19 vaccinations and Omicron VOC predominance. However, a sizeable proportion of individuals continue to be unvaccinated, among whom COVID-19 severity during the Omicron wave is not thoroughly characterized.
The study comprised unvaccinated Swedish residents without comorbidities, aged between 18 and 64 years, infected with SARS-CoV-2 between week 45 of 2020 and week 5 of 2022. VOC periods were those with particular VOCs detected in ≥92.0% of COVID-19 cases sequenced by whole-genome sequencing at a national level. The study outcomes were hospitalizations, severe COVID-19 or mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Results Using whole-genome sequencing, the Alpha VOC period was identified as that between week 14 and week 21 of 2021. The mixed Alpha VOC-Delta VOC period was identified between week 22 and week 27 of 2021. The Delta VOC period was identified between week 28 and week 49 of 2021. The mixed Delta VOC-Omicron VOC period was identified between week 50 of 2021 and week 1 of 2022, and the Omicron VOC period was between weeks 2.0 and week 5 of the year 2022.
Proportions of study outcomes among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 with 95% confidence intervals according to VOC predominance. B) Odds ratios for study outcomes among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 with 95% confidence intervals adjusted for age, sex, and socio-economic status with the Pre-VOC period as reference.
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