A study in BMCNephrol finds that childhood factors, mainly adiposity, type 2 diabetes, low socio-economic position and cardiorespiratory fitness in females, may contribute to the chronic kidney disease risk in adulthood. Further studies are warranted.
]. A comprehensive and systematic review is needed to better identify whether potentially modifiable risk factors in childhood, including clinical conditions/measures ; health behaviours ; and socio-economic factors predict incident CKD in adulthood.
To fill this research gap, we aimed to perform a systematic review of the existing literature on associations between childhood modifiable risk factors and CKD in adulthood including surrogate markers of CKD.A systematic hand literature search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for articles published prior to 4March 2021. The update was conducted to May 6, 2022. The search strategy was implemented by the research team.
Eligibility criteria for included studies were as follows: the study was a population-based longitudinal study; the exposures of interest were measured in childhood and included potentially modifiable risk factors : clinical conditions/measures ; health behaviours ; and SEP; the outcomes of interest were diagnosed or evaluated in adulthood , and included dichotomous outcomes of the onset of CKD , presence of kidney damage or decreased kidney function ; or continuous outcome values of urinary...
The initial screening was performed by one reviewer by assessing the titles, abstracts and keywords and was set to be relatively broad to retain as many relevant studies as possible. Two reviewers then independently screened full-text articles identified from the initial screening to ensure all inclusion criteria were met. 600 records were randomly selected for the third reviewer to check the consistency. The Cohen’s kappa coefficient was 1.00.
Methodological quality of included studies was independently assessed by three reviewers using the adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale [] . Assessment of methodological quality involved three aspects: participants selection and exposure measurement, cohort comparability based on study design or analysis, and outcomes assessment and follow-up adequacy. Studies were scored by three authors with grades from 0 to 9, with 0–3 as poor quality, 4–6 as fair quality, 7–9 as high quality.
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Associations between DNA methylation and gene regulation depend on chromatin accessibility during transgenerational plasticity - BMC BiologyBackground Epigenetic processes are proposed to be a mechanism regulating gene expression during phenotypic plasticity. However, environmentally induced changes in DNA methylation exhibit little-to-no association with differential gene expression in metazoans at a transcriptome-wide level. It remains unexplored whether associations between environmentally induced differential methylation and expression are contingent upon other epigenomic processes such as chromatin accessibility. We quantified methylation and gene expression in larvae of the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus exposed to different ecologically relevant conditions during gametogenesis (maternal conditioning) and modeled changes in gene expression and splicing resulting from maternal conditioning as functions of differential methylation, incorporating covariates for genomic features and chromatin accessibility. We detected significant interactions between differential methylation, chromatin accessibility, and genic feature type associated with differential expression and splicing. Results Differential gene body methylation had significantly stronger effects on expression among genes with poorly accessible transcriptional start sites while baseline transcript abundance influenced the direction of this effect. Transcriptional responses to maternal conditioning were 4–13 × more likely when accounting for interactions between methylation and chromatin accessibility, demonstrating that the relationship between differential methylation and gene regulation is partially explained by chromatin state. Conclusions DNA methylation likely possesses multiple associations with gene regulation during transgenerational plasticity in S. purpuratus and potentially other metazoans, but its effects are dependent on chromatin accessibility and underlying genic features.
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This contemporary marble run gives a minimalist spin to a childhood classicThe Carrera marble run was conceived by Laurids Gallée and Studio Narra, made of tubular steel and produced by independent design brand Objects with Narratives
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Wildfire smoke exposure and early childhood respiratory health: a study of prescription claims data - Environmental HealthWildfire smoke is associated with short-term respiratory outcomes including asthma exacerbation in children. As investigations into developmental wildfire smoke exposure on children’s longer-term respiratory health are sparse, we investigated associations between developmental wildfire smoke exposure and first use of respiratory medications. Prescription claims from IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database were linked with wildfire smoke plume data from NASA satellites based on Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). A retrospective cohort of live infants (2010–2016) born into MSAs in six western states (U.S.A.), having prescription insurance, and whose birthdate was estimable from claims data was constructed (N = 184,703); of these, gestational age was estimated for 113,154 infants. The residential MSA, gestational age, and birthdate were used to estimate average weekly smoke exposure days (smoke-day) for each developmental period: three trimesters, and two sequential 12-week periods post-birth. Medications treating respiratory tract inflammation were classified using active ingredient and mode of administration into three categories:: 'upper respiratory', 'lower respiratory', 'systemic anti-inflammatory'. To evaluate associations between wildfire smoke exposure and medication usage, Cox models associating smoke-days with first observed prescription of each medication category were adjusted for infant sex, birth-season, and birthyear with a random intercept for MSA. Smoke exposure during postnatal periods was associated with earlier first use of upper respiratory medications (1–12 weeks: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.094 per 1-day increase in average weekly smoke-day, 95%CI: (1.005,1.191); 13–24 weeks: HR = 1.108, 95%CI: (1.016,1.209)). Protective associations were observed during gestational windows for both lower respiratory and systemic anti-inflammatory medications; it is possible that these associations may be a consequence of live-birth bias. These findi
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Two-thirds of US adults report adverse childhood experiences: CDC study reveals troubling prevalenceTwo-thirds of US adults report adverse childhood experiences: CDC study reveals troubling prevalence CDCMMWR childhood adversechildhoodexperiences cdc usadults publichealth
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Reduction of SARS-CoV-2 intra-household child-to-parent transmission associated with ventilation: results from a case–control study - BMC Public HealthPurpose Our objective was to describe circumstances of SARS-CoV-2 household transmission and to identify factors associated with a lower risk of transmission in a nationwide case–control study in France. Methods In a descriptive analysis, we analysed cases reporting transmission from someone in the household (source case). Index cases could invite a non-infected household member to participate as a related control. In such situations, we compared the exposures of the index case and related control to the source case by conditional logistic regression matched for household, restricted to households in which the source case was a child, and the index case and related control were the infected child’s parents. Results From October 27, 2020 to May 16, 2022, we included 104 373 cases for the descriptive analysis with a documented infection from another household member. The source case was mostly the index case’s child (46.9%) or partner (45.7%). In total, 1026 index cases invited a related control to participate in the study. In the case–control analysis, we included 611 parental pairs of cases and controls exposed to the same infected child. COVID-19 vaccination with 3 + doses versus no vaccination (OR 0.1, 95%CI: 0.04–0.4), isolation from the source case (OR 0.6, 95%CI: 0.4–0.97) and the ventilation of indoor areas (OR 0.6, 95%CI: 0.4–0.9) were associated with lower risk of infection. Conclusion Household transmission was common during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in France. Mitigation strategies, including isolation and ventilation, decreased the risk of secondary transmission within the household. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT04607941.
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Novak Djokovic’s life off the court with stunning wife JelenaWimbledon favourite Novak Djokovic, who has won the tournament seven times, couldn't have achieved such great career success without his rock and childhood sweetheart, wife Jelena
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