Camouflage is complicated. Here’s how different animals use it to their advantage
Countershading is a tactic used by animals with a dark top half and a light lower half. When a shark, for example, is seen from above, it blends in with the darker ocean below, becoming invisible to fishers and swimmers. Prey fish also may not notice sharks when looking at them from below; the lighter side of the shark’s body blends in with the surface water.
Olfactory camouflage involves smell instead of color. Animals can cover up their own smell or mask themselves in another species’ scent to avoid predators. For example, the chews up rattlesnake skin into a paste and applies it to its tail to discourage and confuse rattlesnakes.Please be respectful of copyright. Unauthorized use is prohibited.: A crab spider lies in wait to ambush its prey in Yellowstone National Park. To better match their surroundings, these spiders can change color by molting.: A Bargibant's pygmy seahorse is nearly imperceptible against the branches of a Gorgonian sea fan in Indonesia.
Creatures that live in groups have different tactics from those that are solitary. For example, the black-and-white stripes of aFinally, a predator’s behavior or physical traits will help determine the method of camouflage. If the predator is colorblind, for instance, the prey does not have to blend in with its background.There are two ways to create camouflage: with pigments and with physical structures.
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