Is there a way to make yourself happier?
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter, or chemical passed between nerve cells, that's responsible for numerous functions in the body. Serotonin has been nicknamed the"feel-good" hormone in part because it seems to play a role in regulating mood, and specifically, in elevating mood. But this chemical messenger plays a role in everything from digestion, to sleep to bone health.
Only 1% to 2% of serotonin is found in the brain, although some sources state as much as 10%, Poprawski said. Poprawski said that in the CNS, serotonin is secreted into the synaptic cleft, the space between two nerve cells, or neurons. One neuron releases the serotonin and the other neuron receives it.
"Just as advances in smartphones are really driven by the interplay of hardware and software, neural circuits that connect at least two areas of the brain are responsible for complicated functions like mood, motivation, pleasure, cognition, memory and language," he said."In other words, there is no one single part of the brain or single neurotransmitter that solely drives these functions.
Tryptophan hydroxylase is an enzyme that controls the rate of serotonin production. In turn, this enzyme's activity depends on gene expression, meaning which genes are switched"on" or"off," which is highly variable and influenced by genetics and environmental factors, Poprawski said. Serotonin levels are usually low due to a deficiency in the precursor of serotonin, the amino acid known as tryptophan. Poprawski told Live Science that this can occur due to low levels of vitamin B6, folic acid or magnesium, a high-sugar diet, excess alcohol, and smoking.
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