India is one of the world’s fastest-growing big economies. But poor schools put its economic dreams at risk
India has made some strides in improving the provision of services to poor people. Governmenthave simplified access to banking and the distribution of welfare payments. Regarding education, there has been a splurge on infrastructure. A decade ago only a third of government schools had handwashing facilities and only about half had electricity; now around 90% have both. Since 2014 India has opened nearly 400 universities. Enrolment in higher education has risen by a fifth.
There are lots of explanations. Jam-packed curriculums afford too little time for basic lessons in maths and literacy. Children who fail to grasp these never learn much else. Teachers are poorly trained and badly supervised: one big survey of rural schools found a quarter of staff were absent. Officials sometimes hand teachers unrelated duties, from administering elections to policing social-distancing rules during the pandemic.
All this makes fixing government schools even more urgent. India should spend more on education. Last year the outlays were just 2.9% of, low by international standards. But it also needs to reform how the system works by taking inspiration from models elsewhere in developing Asia.
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