Many A.I. systems, such as driverless cars, may soon be working alongside us in the real world. The need for artificial common sense is more acute than ever—and it may also be more attainable.
about something that exists inside the house—for instance, “There is a cold egg in a pan.” You can then ask it to predict what will happen when an event unfolds: “The robot slices the egg.” The software translates these words into instructions for a virtual robot, which tries them out in, where the outcome is determined by the laws of physics. It then reports back on what’s happened: “The egg is sliced.” The A.I.
Researchers have spent a lot of time trying to create tests capable of accurately judging how much common sense a computer actually possesses. In 2011, Hector Levesque, a computer scientist at the University of Toronto, created the Winograd Schema Challenge, a set of sentences with ambiguous pronouns in need of interpretation.
I asked Choi what would convince her that A.I. had common sense. She suggested that “generative” algorithms, capable of filling in a blank page, might prove it: “You can’t really hire journalists based on multiple-choice questions,” she said. Her lab has created a test called TuringAdvice, in which programs are asked to compose responses to questions posted on Reddit. Currently, human evaluators find that the best A.I. answers beat the best human ones only fifteen per cent of the time.
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