Researchers investigated the sex-stratified effects of childhood exposure to ambient air pollutants.
By Pooja Toshniwal PahariaAug 22 2023Reviewed by Lily Ramsey, LLM In a recent study posted to the Research Square* preprint server, researchers investigated the sex-stratified effects of childhood exposure to ambient air pollutants, such as particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.50 µm , ozone , and nitrogen dioxide , on white matter microstructure development in early adolescence.
Research could inform policymakers to update risk assessments of the effects of air pollution exposure on health. The team excluded individuals with a history of neurological or other medical disorders, traumatic brain injury history, moderate or severe autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, intellectual disabilities, alcohol/substance usage disorders, premature births , low birth weight , and magnetic resonance imaging imaging contraindications.
Linear mixed-effects modeling was performed for the analysis, adjusting for ethnicity, race, income, parental educational attainment, handedness, urbanicity, magnetic resonance imaging scan season, scanner manufacturers, tract volumes, and head movement. Only high-resolution MRI scans obtained before 1 March 2020 were analyzed.
For RNI, nitrogen dioxide and PM2.5 affected more brain tracts in females with negligible effects in males. In contrast, ozone exerted more effects in tracts concerning limbic association in males and involved the corticospinal tracts among females. In most WM tracts of females, higher nitrogen dioxide exposure was associated with higher RNI levels at nine years, but smaller RNI increases with age.
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