Electronic computing and communications have advanced significantly since the days of radio telegraphy and vacuum tubes. In fact, consumer devices now contain levels of processing power and memory that would be unimaginable just a few decades ago. But as computing and information processing microde
Caltech has developed a new photonic chip that can generate and measure quantum states of light in ways previously only possible with bulky and expensive laboratory equipment. Credit: Natasha Mutch and Nicolle R. Fuller, Sayo Studio
Electronic computing and communications have advanced significantly since the days of radio telegraphy and vacuum tubes. In fact, consumer devices now contain levels of processing power and memory that would be unimaginable just a few decades ago. But as computing and information processing microdevices get ever smaller and more powerful, they are running into some fundamental limits imposed by the laws of quantum physics. Because of this, the future of the field may lie in photonics—the light-based parallel to electronics. Photonics is theoretically similar to electronics but substitutes photons for electrons.
Lithium niobite, a salt whose crystals have many applications in optics, serves as the foundation of the chip. One side of the chip generates what are known as squeezed states of light and they are measured on the other side. A squeezed state of light is, to put it very simply, light when it has been made less “noisy” on the quantum level.
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