Most international scholars do not report experiences of bullying because they fear retaliation, including threats to cancel visas. But they can take action.
while working abroad said a good starting point was to get to know their rights. Policies set out on graduate-school or faculty websites and in employment contracts include information on things such as working hours, holidays, PhD milestones and student choice in research projects, for example.
The two chemists also highlight how international scholars can sometimes find themselves interacting mainly or solely with others from their own countries or other foreigners, potentially leaving them isolated and unaware of their rights. One of the reasons researchers who work in their home countries are less vulnerable to mistreatment is that they are often more aware of sources of advice and better able to access assistance when things go wrong.
Researchers working abroad are more vulnerable to mistreatment if they have short-term contracts. A biologist from China toldhow, under his PhD supervisor Ian Baldwin, at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena, Germany, he was provided with a two-year stipend. After this was renewed, Baldwin told the student he would not be awarded further funding if he went ahead with a trip to visit his parents.
Mahmoudi says university leaders and higher-education policymakers will not do what is needed to stamp out bullying until the extent of the problem is more widely appreciated. Researchers, scientific journals, universities, funders and academic societies are among those needing to do more to highlight the issue, he says. “Most members of the public think ‘academic bullying’ is something that happens at school,” he says.
However, Hayter argues that measures such as these will not solve the problem because they rely on universities acting against their own interests by reporting cases. Mahmoudi points to a 2018 reportby the US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, showing that the rate of cases of sexual harassment against female researchers had not decreased in the previous 30 years despite the introduction of university guidelines and monitoring.
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