The first Black woman to earn a Ph.D. in chemistry, Daly made contributions to our understanding of the heart and DNA that are now common knowledge.
As a biochemist, Marie Maynard Daly made foundational contributions to our understanding of human biology.The annals of science journalism weren’t always as inclusive as they could have been. So, a series profiling some of the figures whose contributions we missed.
The omission is neither a surprise nor an accident. Daly, a Black woman, was underappreciated for much of her professional life, which spanned from the 1940s to 1986. When she is remembered now, it is most often as the first African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in chemistry—a remarkable accomplishment in the late ‘40s, but just one of many scientific and social achievements of her lifetime.
Born in 1921 in Queens, a borough of New York City, Daly was driven from an early age to pursue excellence in spite of barriers. “She took it upon herself to basically change the conditions,” says Svoronos of her eventual path into chemistry. Her father had dropped out of a chemistry program at Cornell because he couldn’t afford room and board.
Excelling in the sciences at local public schools, Daly was accepted at Queens College, a city-funded institution that students with good grades could attend for free. After receiving her bachelor’s in chemistry in 1942, she continued working there as a laboratory assistant and tutor to build up savings. Fellowships for a master’s degree at New York University and doctoral studies at Columbia University followed. Her supervisor, Mary L.
Finding a job can’t have been easy. For minority women scientists, it did “not matter whether one is being hit with the club of sexism or racism—they both hurt,” a 1976 American Association for the Advancement of Science. Yet the same year Daly earned her doctorate, she was hired to teach physical science at Howard University. Soon after, she received a grant to fund research at The Rockefeller Institute. There, with the molecular biology pioneer A.E.
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