From the Archives: Can television shows like Orange Is the New Black and Faking It push forensic anthropologists—and the rest of us—to rethink our categories of biological sex?
When Netflix premiered Orange Is the New Black in 2013, the show drew legions of fans largely because of its unique setting and its diverse cast of characters. In a sea of orange jumpsuits, one character stood out: Sophia Burset, a black transgender woman whose story took center stage when prison officials abruptly denied her hormone replacement therapy pills without her consent.
However, characters such as Burset and Cooper, and their respective transgender and intersex compatriots around the world, disrupt the idea that human bodies must be male or female. Their bodies do not fit neatly into either category but rather force a spectrum approach to traditional biological sex classifications.
The bodies of trans and intersex individuals are inherently problematic to our current system because they cannot be easily categorized. Would forensic anthropologists be able to accurately identify women like Burset and Cooper?Exceptions to the male/female binary challenge the current practice of forensic anthropology, right down to the terminology we use.
Forensic anthropologists have long accepted that no skeleton is completely male or female from birth, but most have little understanding of the murky middle of the spectrum. The human body already shifts between displaying traditionally “male” and “female” skeletal characteristics during a human’s lifespan: Just look at the human jaw. We all lose our baby teeth, which are then replaced with permanent adult teeth.
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