'Bacteria: Chapter VIII - BACTERIA AND DISEASE' lifescience bacteriology
). Nor has the generally accepted bacillus of typhoid fulfilled postulate , yet by the majority it isaccepted as the agent in producing typhoid. Hence it will be seen that, though there is an academical classification of causal pathogenic bacteria according as they respond to Koch's postulates, yet nevertheless, there are a number of pathogenic bacteria which are looked upon as causes of disease provisionally.
Whatever may be said hereinafter with regard to the power of micro-organisms to cause disease, we must understand one cardinal point, namely, that bacteria are never more than causes, for the nature of disease depends upon the behaviour of the organs or tissues with which the bacteria or their products meet . Fortunately for a clear conception of what "organs and tissues" mean, these have been reduced to a common denominator, the cell.
Buchner has pointed out that the antagonistic action of these fluids depends in part possibly upon phagocytosis, but largely upon a chemical condition of the serum. The blood, then, is no friend to intruding bacteria. Its efforts are to a certain extent seconded by the lymphoid tissue throughout the body. Rings of lymphoid tissue surround the oral openings of the trachea and œsophagus ; the tonsils are masses of lymphoid tissue.
following is not an unlikely series of events terminating in consumption :— The individual is predisposed by inheritance to tuberculosis; an ordinary chronic catarrh, which lowers the resisting power of the lungs, may be contracted; the epithelial collections in the air vesicles of the lung—, dead matter attached to the body—afford an excellent nidus for bacteria; owing to occupation, or personal habits, or surroundings, the patient comes within a range of tubercular infection, and the specific...
These, then, are the five possible ways in which germs gain access to the body tissues. The question now arises, How do bacteria, having obtained entrance, set up the process of disease? For a long time pathologists looked upon the action of these microscopic parasites in the body as similar to, if not identical with, the larger parasites sometimes infesting the human body. Their work was viewed as a devouring of the tissues of the body.
Speaking generally, we may note that pathogenic bacteria divide themselves into two groups: those which, on entering the body, pass at once, by the lymph or blood stream, to all parts of the body, and become more and more diffused throughout the blood and tissues, although in some cases they settle down in some spot remote from the point of entrance, and produce their chief lesions there. Tubercle and anthrax would be types of this group.
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