A pivotal moment in the early universe's history is revealed.
in the still-forming galaxy cluster around the Spiderweb galaxy using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array . This groundbreaking finding is the most distant detection of such hot gas yet and provides critical insights into the early formation of galaxy clusters.Galaxy clusters, hosting thousands of galaxies, are among the largest known objects in the Universe. They contain an intracluster medium of gas that considerably outweighs the galaxies themselves.
Led by Luca Di Mascolo, a researcher at the University of Trieste, Italy, the team aimed to detect the ICM in a protocluster from the early Universe. They focused on the Spiderweb protocluster, located when the Universe was only 3 billion years old. Di Mascolo's team detected the ICM through the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect, which occurs when light from the cosmic microwave background passes through the ICM.
The team discovered that the Spiderweb protocluster contains a vast reservoir of hot gas at tens of millions of degrees Celsius. Although cold gas had been previously detected in this protocluster, the mass of the hot gas found in this new study outweighs it thousands of times.This finding suggests that the Spiderweb protocluster is on its way to becoming a massive galaxy cluster in around 10 billion years, growing its mass by at least a factor of ten.
The results provide the valuable groundwork for collaborations between ALMA and ESO's upcoming Extremely Large Telescope , revolutionizing the study of structures like the Spiderweb. With its state-of-the-art instruments, the ELT will be able to peer into protoclusters and provide detailed information about the galaxies in them.
Together with ALMA's capabilities to trace the forming ICM, this will provide a crucial glimpse into the assembly of some of the largest structures in the
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