San Francisco is at the forefront of a movement to recycle wastewater from buildings, homes, and neighborhoods and use it for toilets and landscaping.
Heather Cooley, director of research for the Pacific Institute in Oakland, an independent organization that studies water sustainability, and an author of aon distributed systems and water resilience, believes premise systems are essential for California’s water future. “These onsite and distributed systems are an exciting addition to the range of tools to meet weather challenges,” she said. “They will help build resilience.” However, she added, “there’s no silver bullet.
Premise recycling is also taking place in what are known as districts. The University of California, Davis, has a black-water system used for irrigation, and new neighborhoods are rising with their own closed-loop recycling systems. In San Diego, for example, developers are building a large district system to recycle black water at a shopping center that’s being converted into an office campus.
Maxfield led the sustainability team that helped design an 11-acre mixed-use district system for Mission Rock, a neighborhood now under construction next to the San Francisco Giants ballpark. It will collect black water from a main sewer, filter it, then send it to all 17 of the neighborhood’s buildings to be used for irrigation and toilet flushing. “It works really well, and it works really cost-effectively” at the neighborhood scale, said Maxfield.
The Hydraloop, created in Holland, is one home-based technology on the market, a kind of “water washing” machine. It recycles up to 95 percent of a household’s water, disinfecting shower and washing machine flows to irrigate lawns, flush toilets, and fill swimming pools. Overall water consumption declines by 25 to 45 percent. A company in Vancouver makes a product called RainStick, which recycles shower water over and over while you shower.
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