Andromeda Tore Apart and Consumed a Neighbor Galaxy by spacewriter
That’s what Escala and her team did. “The remnants of each crash can be identified by studying the movement of the stars and their chemical compositions,” she explained. “Together this information serves as a kind of fingerprint that identifies stars that joined a galaxy in a collision.”The Andromeda Galaxy is about 10 billion years old. By comparison, the Milky Way Galaxy is about 13.6 billion years old.
The trick to figuring out the merger history is, as any crime scene detective knows, buried in the details. Astronomers look at the chemical components of stars and figure out which are native to the galaxy and which are not. Stellar motions can reveal intruders. If the merger is particularly violent, streams of stars and gas and dust will form observable features.Escala and her collaborators looked deep into Andromeda at a feature called the Northeast Shelf.
This image shows NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope images of a small part of the giant stellar stream of the Andromeda Galaxy. The stream is a long structure thought to be the remains of a companion galaxy torn apart by the Andromeda Galaxy’s gravity and engulfed in it. By studying details of the stars in the stream, astronomers can determine the chemistry and ages of the stars in each part of the Andromeda Galaxy.
They also showed that this ledge is part of a multi-shell system, along with the galaxy’s west and southeast shelves. The material in these regions is consistent with that of Andromeda’s Giant Stellar Stream, created during the recent large collisions. It’s likely that all those tidal features could have come from the same source.
Gravitational interactions at the time shaped the streams. The analysis done by Escala and her team is an important step toward confirming predictions about this galaxy’s violent past. Collisions are an important part of that history. More evidence about these actions gives a deeper understanding of the many features left behind long after the merger ends.
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