A really cool cloud swept over D.C. Tuesday. Here’s what caused it.
The cloud was an “orographic” cloud, or one that formed from and was sculpted by interactions between air, wind and the landscape. Generally, they develop as airflow is forced up a mountain or similar topographic feature.
The atmosphere Tuesday was very stratified, or layered. Invisible air masses were stacked atop one another by order of density, much like how the ingredients in Italian salad dressing settle if not shaken. More moisture was present in the layers near the surface, with cooler, drier air above. Ordinarily, that wouldn’t result in cloud cover.But air from a lower layer was forced upward by westerly winds passing over the Appalachians or Blue Ridge Mountains, causing a moister layer to ascend into a cooler ambient environment. That caused the air to reach saturation and produce a cloud. Eventually, the air subsided and dried out in the cloud’s lee , yielding blue skies ahead of the cloud.
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