Scientists can use various clues to figure out what's under Earth's surface without actually having to do any digging – including firing super-fine lasers thinner than a human hair at minerals found in beach sand.
without actually having to do any digging – including firing super-fine lasers thinner than a human hair at minerals found in beach sand.This technique has been used in a new study that points to a 4-billion-year-old piece of Earth's crust about the size of Ireland, which has been sitting under Western Australia and influencing the geological evolution of the area across millions of millennia.
The researchers think that the huge expanse of crust would have heavily influenced the formation of rocks as old materials were mixed with new, having first appeared as one of the planet's earliest protocrust formations and surviving multiple mountain-building events. "This suggests a significant change in the evolution of Earth some 4 billion years ago, as meteorite bombardment waned, crust stabilized, and life on Earth began to establish."
This gave the team an insight into the crystalline basement under Earth's surface in this particular region – showing where the grains had originally eroded from, the forces used to create them, and how the geology of the region had built up over time.
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