A new study reveals that Sahelanthropus tchadensis, the oldest representative species of humanity, was bipedal. It is believed that the development of bipedalism was a turning point in human evolution. However, there is disagreement over its modalities and age, notably due to the fact there are no
. Bipedalism was common among the earliest known representatives of humankind, probably on the ground but also in trees. It coexisted with other types of movement in a tree environment, including quadrupedal movement using firm hand grips, clearly differing from that of gorillas and chimpanzees who use the back of their phalanges for support .
It is believed that the development of bipedalism was a turning point in human evolution. However, there is disagreement over its modalities and age, notably due to the fact there are no fossilized remains. Researchers from the University of Poitiers, the, the earliest known representative of the human genus.
Collection working session between Franck Guy and Guillaume Daver , at the PALEVOPRIM laboratory, Poitiers . Credit: Franck Guy / PALEVOPRIM / CNRS – University of Poitiersis considered the earliest representative species of humans, dating back 7 million years. Its description goes back to 2001 when the Franco-Chadian Paleoanthropological Mission uncovered the bones of three people at Toros-Menalla in the Djurab Desert , including a particularly well-preserved cranium.
In addition to the cranium, nicknamed Toumaï, and fragments of jaws and teeth that have already been published, the locality of Toros-Menalla 266 yielded two ulnae and a femur . These bones were also attributed tobecause no other large primate was found at the site; however, it is impossible to know if they belong to the same individual as the cranium.
The femur and ulnae were subjected to a battery of measurements and analyses, concerning both their external morphology and their internal structures using microtomography imaging: biometric measurements, geometric morphometrics, biomechanical indicators, etc.
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